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# 原理分析之如何路由 |
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## zuul如何路由 |
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Spring Cloud Gateway通过一系列的Filter来进行数据的传输,如下图所示: |
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SOP网关默认使用zuul,当然也默认使用了zuul提供的路由功能。zuul默认使用过滤器来实现路由转发, |
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我们看下zuul中自带的过滤器: |
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![流程图](images/90012_1.png) |
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| 类型 | 顺序 | 过滤器 | 功能 | |
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| ----- | ---- | ----------------------- | ---------------------------- | |
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| pre | -3 | ServletDetectionFilter | 标记处理 Servlet 的类型 | |
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| pre | -2 | Servlet30WrapperFilter | 包装 HttpServletRequest 请求 | |
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| pre | -1 | FormBodyWrapperFilter | 包装请求体 | |
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| pre | 1 | DebugFilter | 标记调试标志 | |
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| pre | 5 | PreDecorationFilter | 决定路由转发过滤器 | |
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| route | 10 | RibbonRoutingFilter | serviceId 请求转发 | |
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| route | 100 | SimpleHostRoutingFilter | url 请求转发 | |
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| route | 500 | SendForwardFilter | forward 请求转发 | |
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| post | 0 | SendErrorFilter | 处理有错误的请求响应 | |
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| post | 1000 | SendResponseFilter | 处理正常的请求响应 | |
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SOP网关在此基础上新增了几个Filter用来处理自己的逻辑,如:前置校验、结果返回。 |
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上图就是zuul提供的默认过滤器,可在org.springframework.cloud.netflix.zuul.filters下查看。 |
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| 过滤器 | 类型 | Order | 功能 | |
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| ----- | ---- | ----------------------- | ---------------------------- | |
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|IndexFilter| `自定义` | -2147483648 | 入口过滤器,获取参数、签名校验 | |
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|ParameterFormatterFilter | 自定义 | -2147482647 | 格式化参数 | |
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|LimitFilter|`自定义`|-2147482447|限流| |
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|ForwardPathFilter|系统自带|0 |设置转发的path| |
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|RouteToRequestUrlFilter|系统自带|10000|设置转发host| |
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|SopLoadBalancerClientFilter|`自定义`|10100|LoadBalance获取转发实例| |
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|NettyRoutingFilter|系统自带|2147483647|获取httpclient发送请求| |
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|ForwardRoutingFilter|系统自带|2147483647|请求分发| |
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|GatewayModifyResponseGatewayFilter|`自定义`|-2|处理响应结果| |
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zuul的过滤器顺序值小的优先执行,其中的`PreDecorationFilter`是我们重点关注的类,由它来决定路由转发去向。 |
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一个完整的请求会自上而下经过这些Filter,下面讲解如何动态设置路由。 |
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打开PreDecorationFilter类,看到类注释有一句话:`that determines where and how to route based on the supplied` |
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## 动态设置路由 |
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翻译过来就是说,决定从哪里获取路由,然后怎样去路由。 |
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网关启动后会从注册中心拉取微服务实例,然后请求微服务提供的一个接口(`/sop/routes`),获取开放接口信息(被`@Open`注解的接口)。 |
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PreDecorationFilter类的核心方法是run()方法。找到run方法中这一句代码: |
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监听处理类在:`com.gitee.sop.bridge.route.NacosRegistryListener` |
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`Route route = this.routeLocator.getMatchingRoute(requestURI);` |
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获取到路由信息后,将路由信息缓存到本地,并保存到数据库,代码在:`com.gitee.sop.gatewaycommon.gateway.route.GatewayRouteCache.load` |
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这句代码很重要,表示路由从哪里获取,如果我们能够重写getMatchingRoute方法那就可以返回自己定义的路由了。 |
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然后动态设置Gateway路由,代码在:`com.gitee.sop.gatewaycommon.gateway.route.GatewayRouteRepository.refresh` |
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接下来找到RouteLocator类的定义,发现是通过构造方法传进来的,那么我们就去找使用构造方法的类。(IDEA下右键构造方法--Find Usage) |
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在org.springframework.cloud.netflix.zuul.ZuulProxyAutoConfiguration类中找到了定义 |
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```java |
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// pre filters |
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@Bean |
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@ConditionalOnMissingBean(PreDecorationFilter.class) |
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public PreDecorationFilter preDecorationFilter(RouteLocator routeLocator, ProxyRequestHelper proxyRequestHelper) { |
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return new PreDecorationFilter(routeLocator, this.server.getServlet().getContextPath(), this.zuulProperties, |
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proxyRequestHelper); |
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} |
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``` |
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方法默认注入了RouteLocator类,默认注入的实现是CompositeRouteLocator类(通过打断点可以查看)。 |
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同时方法上用了`@ConditionalOnMissingBean`注解,表示如果其它地方没有声明,则默认使用这个。 |
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因此我们可以自己声明一个PreDecorationFilter,然后注入自定义的RouteLocator就行了。 |
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SOP自定义的RouteLocator为:`com.gitee.sop.gatewaycommon.zuul.route.SopRouteLocator`,可自行前往查看。 |
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然后再我们的Config中定义: |
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```java |
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/** |
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* 选取路由 |
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* @param zuulRouteRepository |
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* @param proxyRequestHelper |
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* @return |
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*/ |
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@Bean |
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public PreDecorationFilter preDecorationFilter(ZuulRouteRepository zuulRouteRepository, ProxyRequestHelper proxyRequestHelper) { |
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// 自定义路由 |
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RouteLocator routeLocator = new SopRouteLocator(zuulRouteRepository); |
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return new PreDecorationFilter(routeLocator, |
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this.server.getServlet().getContextPath(), |
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this.zuulProperties, |
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proxyRequestHelper); |
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} |
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``` |
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到此,我们只需要实现RouteLocator接口,就能使用zuul默认的路由功能,非常方便。 |
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当有微服务重新启动时,网关会监听到微服务实例有变更,会重复上述步骤,确保网关存有最新的路由。 |
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@ -0,0 +1,58 @@ |
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package com.gitee.sop.gatewaycommon.gateway.controller; |
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import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; |
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import org.springframework.cloud.gateway.filter.GlobalFilter; |
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import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext; |
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import org.springframework.core.Ordered; |
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import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity; |
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import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller; |
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import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; |
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import org.springframework.web.server.ServerWebExchange; |
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import reactor.core.publisher.Mono; |
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import java.util.Comparator; |
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import java.util.List; |
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import java.util.Map; |
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import java.util.stream.Collectors; |
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/** |
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* @author tanghc |
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*/ |
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@Controller |
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public class FilterPrintController { |
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@Autowired |
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private ApplicationContext applicationContext; |
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@RequestMapping("sop/listGlobalFilters") |
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public Mono<ResponseEntity<String>> listGlobalFilters(ServerWebExchange exchange) { |
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Map<String, GlobalFilter> filterMap = applicationContext.getBeansOfType(GlobalFilter.class); |
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List<String> filters = filterMap.values() |
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.stream() |
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.sorted(new Comparator<GlobalFilter>() { |
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@Override |
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public int compare(GlobalFilter o1, GlobalFilter o2) { |
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if (o1 instanceof Ordered && o2 instanceof Ordered) { |
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Ordered order1 = (Ordered) o1; |
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Ordered order2 = (Ordered) o2; |
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return Integer.compare(order1.getOrder(), order2.getOrder()); |
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} |
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return 0; |
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} |
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}) |
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.map(globalFilter -> { |
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int order = 0; |
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if (globalFilter instanceof Ordered) { |
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Ordered ordered = (Ordered) globalFilter; |
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order = ordered.getOrder(); |
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} |
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return order + ", " + globalFilter.getClass().getSimpleName(); |
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}) |
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.collect(Collectors.toList()); |
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String result = String.join("<br>", filters); |
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return Mono.just(ResponseEntity.ok(result)); |
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} |
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} |
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