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ArrayList 和 Vector 源码分析 |
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--- |
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#### 前言 |
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基于JDK1.10。 |
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#### ArrayList |
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ArrayList实现了List接口、RandomAccess接口,可以插入空数据以及支持随机访问。 |
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ArrayList相当于动态数组,里面有两个重要属性,elementData以及size。 |
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```java |
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transient Object[] elementData; //数据 |
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private int size; //数组大小 |
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``` |
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首先看一下**构造方法**(只罗列其中一种): |
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```java |
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public ArrayList(int initialCapacity) { |
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if (initialCapacity > 0) { |
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this.elementData = new Object[initialCapacity]; |
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} else if (initialCapacity == 0) { |
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this.elementData = EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA; |
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} else { |
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throw new IllegalArgumentException("Illegal Capacity: "+ |
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initialCapacity); |
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} |
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} |
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``` |
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也就是说我们可以指定容量大小,这样可以避免扩容导致的性能损耗。 |
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**第一种方式添加数据时:** |
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```java |
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public boolean add(E e) { |
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modCount++; |
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add(e, elementData, size); |
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return true; |
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} |
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private void add(E e, Object[] elementData, int s) { |
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if (s == elementData.length) //第一步:扩容效验 |
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elementData = grow(); |
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elementData[s] = e; //第二步:在尾部添加数据并且size+1 |
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size = s + 1; |
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} |
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``` |
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- 首先是扩容效验 |
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- 把数据插入到最后,并且 size + 1 |
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**第二种方式添加数据时:** |
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```java |
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public void add(int index, E element) { |
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rangeCheckForAdd(index); //第一步:判断插入的index是否合理 |
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modCount++; |
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final int s; |
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Object[] elementData; |
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if ((s = size) == (elementData = this.elementData).length) //第二步:扩容效验 |
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elementData = grow(); |
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System.arraycopy(elementData, index, elementData, index + 1,s - index); //第三步:拷贝数组,并把index后的数据往后移一位,把数据插入到index位置上,size + 1 |
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elementData[index] = element; |
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size = s + 1; |
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} |
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``` |
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- 首先判断插入的index是否合理,以及依旧进行扩容效验 |
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- 拷贝数组插入数据,size + 1 |
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**扩容效验:** |
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```java |
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private Object[] grow() { |
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return grow(size + 1); |
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} |
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private Object[] grow(int minCapacity) { |
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return elementData = Arrays.copyOf(elementData, newCapacity(minCapacity)); //拷贝旧数组,容量大小为以前的1.5倍 |
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} |
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private int newCapacity(int minCapacity) { |
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// overflow-conscious code |
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int oldCapacity = elementData.length; |
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int newCapacity = oldCapacity + (oldCapacity >> 1); //容量扩大为之前的1.5倍 |
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if (newCapacity - minCapacity <= 0) { |
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if (elementData == DEFAULTCAPACITY_EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA) |
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return Math.max(DEFAULT_CAPACITY, minCapacity); //private static final int DEFAULT_CAPACITY = 10; |
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if (minCapacity < 0) // overflow |
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throw new OutOfMemoryError(); |
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return minCapacity; |
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} |
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return (newCapacity - MAX_ARRAY_SIZE <= 0) //private static final int MAX_ARRAY_SIZE = Integer.MAX_VALUE - 8; |
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? newCapacity |
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: hugeCapacity(minCapacity); |
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} |
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private static int hugeCapacity(int minCapacity) { |
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if (minCapacity < 0) // overflow |
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throw new OutOfMemoryError(); |
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return (minCapacity > MAX_ARRAY_SIZE) |
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? Integer.MAX_VALUE |
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: MAX_ARRAY_SIZE; |
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} |
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``` |
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可以看出,如果是非极端的情况下(比如初始容量很小和很大),都会将容量扩大至以前的1.5倍。 |
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所以,ArrayList的性能损耗主要在于数据的拷贝,所以可以适当情况下指定容量大小,应该尽量减少扩容操作,更要避免在指定位置插入数据的操作。 |
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**序列化:** |
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仔细看的话肯定能看到前面的elementData是用transient修饰的,也就是拒绝数据被自动序列化。因为ArrayList并不是所有位置都有数据,所以没必要全部序列话,应该只序列化有数据的部分。 |
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```java |
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private void writeObject(java.io.ObjectOutputStream s) |
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throws java.io.IOException { |
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// Write out element count, and any hidden stuff |
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int expectedModCount = modCount; |
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s.defaultWriteObject(); |
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// Write out size as capacity for behavioral compatibility with clone() |
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s.writeInt(size); |
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// Write out all elements in the proper order. |
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for (int i=0; i<size; i++) { //只序列化有数据的部分 |
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s.writeObject(elementData[i]); |
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} |
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if (modCount != expectedModCount) { |
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throw new ConcurrentModificationException(); |
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} |
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} |
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``` |
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#### Vector |
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和ArrayList很相似,同样实现了List、RandomAccess接口,可以插入空数据以及支持随机访问。内部通过动态数组来实现,不过add、get方法都加了synchronized同步锁。 |
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```java |
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public synchronized boolean add(E e) { |
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modCount++; |
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add(e, elementData, elementCount); |
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return true; |
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} |
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private void add(E e, Object[] elementData, int s) { |
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if (s == elementData.length) |
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elementData = grow(); |
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elementData[s] = e; |
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elementCount = s + 1; |
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} |
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public void add(int index, E element) { |
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insertElementAt(element, index); |
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} |
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``` |
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所以,可以把Vector理解为一个加锁的ArrayList。 |
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