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--- |
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热修复 |
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--- |
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#### 目录 |
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1. 思维导图 |
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2. 概述 |
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3. 原理浅析 |
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- BaseDexClassLoader |
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- PathClassLoader |
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- DexClassLoader |
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- DexPathList |
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4. 实战 |
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5. 参考 |
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#### 思维导图 |
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![](https://i.loli.net/2019/01/26/5c4c5bc8bd779.png) |
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#### 概述 |
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一句话来说就是 dex 插桩。 |
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在加载 dex 文件的时候,是放在一个 Element[] 数组里的,我们只要把修复好的 classes.dex 文件放在数组最前面被优先加载,那在加载有 bug 的 dex 文件里的 class 类的时候已经被加载过了,系统就不会加载,这时候带有 bug 的 class 就算被 “修复” 了。 |
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#### 原理浅析 |
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热修复涉及的就是 dex 的加载流程。涉及的类有 BaseDexClassLoader、DexClassLoader、PathClassLoader、DexPathList 等等。 |
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##### BaseDexClassLoader |
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```java |
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public class BaseDexClassLoader extends ClassLoader { |
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private final DexPathList pathList; |
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/** |
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* dexPath: 要加载的程序文件,一般是 dex 文件 |
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* optimizedDirectory: dex 文件解压目录 |
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* librarySearchPath: 加载程序文件时需要用到的库路径 |
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* parent: 父加载器 |
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*/ |
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public BaseDexClassLoader(String dexPath, File optimizedDirectory, |
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String librarySearchPath, ClassLoader parent) { |
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super(parent); |
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this.pathList = new DexPathList(this, dexPath, librarySearchPath, null); |
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if (reporter != null) { |
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reporter.report(this.pathList.getDexPaths()); |
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} |
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} |
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//... |
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@Override |
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protected Class<?> findClass(String name) throws ClassNotFoundException { |
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List<Throwable> suppressedExceptions = new ArrayList<Throwable>(); |
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Class c = pathList.findClass(name, suppressedExceptions); |
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if (c == null) { |
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ClassNotFoundException cnfe = new ClassNotFoundException( |
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"Didn't find class \"" + name + "\" on path: " + pathList); |
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for (Throwable t : suppressedExceptions) { |
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cnfe.addSuppressed(t); |
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} |
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throw cnfe; |
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} |
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return c; |
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} |
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//... |
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} |
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``` |
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其实 BaseDexClassLoader 的 findClass 是调用 DexPathList 的 findClass 方法,如果为 null 就抛出 ClassNotFoundException。 |
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##### DexClassLoader |
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##### PathClassLoader |
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```java |
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public class PathClassLoader extends BaseDexClassLoader { |
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public PathClassLoader(String dexPath, ClassLoader parent) { |
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super(dexPath, null, null, parent); |
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} |
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public PathClassLoader(String dexPath, String librarySearchPath, ClassLoader parent) { |
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super(dexPath, null, librarySearchPath, parent); |
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} |
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} |
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``` |
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##### DexClassLoader |
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```java |
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public class DexClassLoader extends BaseDexClassLoader { |
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public DexClassLoader(String dexPath, String optimizedDirectory, |
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String librarySearchPath, ClassLoader parent) { |
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super(dexPath, new File(optimizedDirectory), librarySearchPath, parent); |
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} |
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} |
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``` |
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可以看到,其实 DexClassLoader 和 PathClassLoader 都没有做什么,都是调用父类方法,只不过 DexClassLoader 多传了一个optimizedDirectory,它们的使用场景不一样: |
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PathClassLoader:只能加载已经安装到 Android 系统中的 apk 文件,是 Android 默认使用的类加载器。 |
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DexClassLoader:可以加载任意目录下的 dex/jar/apk/zip 文件,比 PathClassLoader,是实现热修复的重点。 |
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##### DexPathList |
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```java |
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final class DexPathList { |
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private static final String DEX_SUFFIX = ".dex"; |
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private static final String zipSeparator = "!/"; |
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private final ClassLoader definingContext; |
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/** |
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* dex 文件数组 |
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*/ |
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private Element[] dexElements; |
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public DexPathList(ClassLoader definingContext, ByteBuffer[] dexFiles) { |
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//... |
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} |
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/** |
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* BaseDexClassLoader 中实例化的是这个构造方法 |
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*/ |
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public DexPathList(ClassLoader definingContext, String dexPath, |
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String librarySearchPath, File optimizedDirectory) { |
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//... |
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this.definingContext = definingContext; |
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this.dexElements = makeDexElements(splitDexPath(dexPath), optimizedDirectory, |
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suppressedExceptions, definingContext); |
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//... |
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} |
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/** |
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* 生成 Element 集合,Element 里保存着 DexFile 和 文件路径 |
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* 遍历该 APP 私有目录所有文件,拿到以 .dex 结尾的文件 |
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*/ |
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private static Element[] makeDexElements(List<File> files, File optimizedDirectory, |
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List<IOException> suppressedExceptions, ClassLoader loader) { |
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Element[] elements = new Element[files.size()]; |
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int elementsPos = 0; |
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for (File file : files) { |
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if (file.isDirectory()) { |
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elements[elementsPos++] = new Element(file); |
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} else if (file.isFile()) { |
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String name = file.getName(); |
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if (name.endsWith(DEX_SUFFIX)) { |
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// Raw dex file (not inside a zip/jar). |
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try { |
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DexFile dex = loadDexFile(file, optimizedDirectory, loader, elements); |
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if (dex != null) { |
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elements[elementsPos++] = new Element(dex, null); |
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} |
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} catch (IOException suppressed) { |
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System.logE("Unable to load dex file: " + file, suppressed); |
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suppressedExceptions.add(suppressed); |
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} |
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} else { |
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DexFile dex = null; |
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try { |
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dex = loadDexFile(file, optimizedDirectory, loader, elements); |
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} catch (IOException suppressed) { |
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suppressedExceptions.add(suppressed); |
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} |
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if (dex == null) { |
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elements[elementsPos++] = new Element(file); |
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} else { |
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elements[elementsPos++] = new Element(dex, file); |
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} |
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} |
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} else { |
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System.logW("ClassLoader referenced unknown path: " + file); |
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} |
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} |
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if (elementsPos != elements.length) { |
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elements = Arrays.copyOf(elements, elementsPos); |
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} |
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return elements; |
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} |
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/** |
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* 加载 dex 文件 |
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*/ |
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private static DexFile loadDexFile(File file, File optimizedDirectory, ClassLoader loader, |
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Element[] elements) |
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throws IOException { |
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if (optimizedDirectory == null) { |
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return new DexFile(file, loader, elements); |
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} else { |
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String optimizedPath = optimizedPathFor(file, optimizedDirectory); |
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return DexFile.loadDex(file.getPath(), optimizedPath, 0, loader, elements); |
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} |
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} |
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/** |
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* |
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*/ |
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public Class<?> findClass(String name, List<Throwable> suppressed) { |
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for (Element element : dexElements) { |
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Class<?> clazz = element.findClass(name, definingContext, suppressed); |
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if (clazz != null) { |
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return clazz; |
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} |
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} |
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if (dexElementsSuppressedExceptions != null) { |
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suppressed.addAll(Arrays.asList(dexElementsSuppressedExceptions)); |
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} |
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return null; |
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} |
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/** |
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* dex 文件路径集合 |
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*/ |
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/*package*/ List<String> getDexPaths() { |
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List<String> dexPaths = new ArrayList<String>(); |
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for (Element e : dexElements) { |
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String dexPath = e.getDexPath(); |
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if (dexPath != null) { |
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dexPaths.add(dexPath); |
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} |
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} |
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return dexPaths; |
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} |
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static class Element { |
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private final File path; |
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private final DexFile dexFile; |
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//... |
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public Class<?> findClass(String name, ClassLoader definingContext, |
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List<Throwable> suppressed) { |
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return dexFile != null ? dexFile.loadClassBinaryName(name, definingContext, suppressed) |
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: null; |
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} |
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} |
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} |
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``` |
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#### 实战 |
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#### 参考 |
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[热修复——深入浅出原理与实现](https://juejin.im/post/5a0ad2b551882531ba1077a2) |
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[https://github.com/GitLqr/HotFixDemo](https://github.com/GitLqr/HotFixDemo) |
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[网易云课堂]( |
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https://study.163.com/course/courseLearn.htm?courseId=1208968811#/learn/live?lessonId=1278455246&courseId=1208968811) |
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